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O. V. Kaminskiy, O. V. Kopylova, D. E. Afanasyev, I. G. Chikalova, I. M. Muraviova, L. O. Tsvet,
V. M. Kolodiy, N. S. Dombrovska, Yu. O. Kaminska, I. O. Kiseliova, O. Ya. Pleskach
State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology of the
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY OF PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA AND HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT SURVIVORS
Objective: the scientific analysis of the frequency of structural and functional changes in parathyroid glands (PTH)
in different categories of the Chornobyl NPP (ChNPP) accident survivors (i.e. the irradiated individuals).
Materials and methods. The prospective study of 815 individuals and retrospective analysis of 3,849 case records
(total 4,664 individuals) aged 19–75 years at the time of survey, in the range of 0.05–0.2 Gy external radiation doses
among the ChNPP accident clean-up workers, was performed. Anthropometric, laboratory (parathyroid hormone,
vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, thyroid hormones, thyroid antibodies, and biochemical assays), instrumental (thyroid and parathyroid diagnostic ultrasound) and statistical methods were applied.
Results. There was a higher incidence of the ultrasound signs of parathyroid hyperplasia in the ChNPP accident survivors compared to controls (pooled RR ≈ 1.43; p < 0.001), with the highest values among evacuees and clean-up
workers workers. Incidence of non-renal normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism (NRHPT) featured a trend to increase
in survivors (RR ≈ 1.35; p ≈ 0.095) increasing with age. Level of parathyroid hormone was higher in females than in
males. Increase in the proportion of NRHPT was noted in the period 2019–2024 in both groups with more the
increase in survivors (slope difference ≈ +0.75 p.p./year; p ≈ 0.03). In subgroups of persons with comorbidities the
proportion of NRHPT was higher in survivors, however not reaching a statistical significance in the study sample
(crude estimates; p > 0.3).
Conclusions. The radiation factor of the ChNPP accident is associated with an increased risk of structural and functional parathyroid changes and normocalcemic NRHPT in particular. There is a higher incidence of ultrasound signs
of parathyroid hyperplasia in the ChNPP accident survivors, especially the evacuees and local residents, than in subjects not exposed to extra exposure to ionizing radiation in their daily or practical activities (RR ≈ 1.43; p < 0.001).
Key words: parathyroid hormone; hyperparathyroidism; parathyroid glands; Chornobyl disaster; ionizing radiation;
sonography.
Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology.
2025;30:414-428. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2025-30-414-428
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