Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology

D. A. Bazyka, K. M. Bruslova, L. O. Lyashenko, N. M. Tsvetkova, T. I. Pushkariova,
S. G. Galkina, V. G. Kondrashova, Zh. S. Yaroshenko, L. O. Gonchar, V. G. Boyarskyi,
T. O. Charnysh, I. V. Tryhlib, L. O. Tsvet

State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical
Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine

FACTORS AFFECTING MECHANISMS OF INCREASED BONE DENSITY FORMATION IN CHILDREN LIVING ON RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES AFTER THE ChNPP ACCIDENT

Objective: to determine the causes of increased bone mineral density (BMD) based on case history, clinical and laboratory data, including the assay of hormones involved in ossification processes in children, living on radiologically contaminated territories (RCT) after the accident at the ChNPP, compared to the normative BMD patterns.
Materials and methods. There were 289 children involved in the study. The 1^st group included persons with a BMD above 100 IU, 2^nd group – with normative BMD (100–85 IU). Family history of diseases was assessed featuring cancer and endocrine diseases, cholelithiasis, and urolithiasis. Weight of the child at birth, frequency of bone fractures, complaints about osalgia, jaw abnormalities, dental caries, presence or absence of obesity, peripheral blood count, blood biochemical parameters (total protein, creatinine, iron, alkaline phosphatase, calcium), serum pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone and cortisol were accounted. Children’s radiation doses were calculated according to the materials of the «General dosimetric certification of settlements of Ukraine that were exposed to radioactive contamination after the Chornobyl accident».
Results. Higher than normative BMD values were found in children after puberty, while normative ones – in puberty (p < 0.001), regardless of gender. A direct correlation between the bone fractures frequency was established in children with increased BMD (p < 0.01). Jaw anomalies and dental caries occurred at that significantly less often than in normative BMD (p > 0.05). A direct correlation was established between the obesity and BMD (p < 0.001). Increased alkaline phosphatase activity was inversely correlated with BMD (rs = -0.21; p < 0.05). In children with elevated BMD a direct correlation was established between the level of iron and endocrine disorders in the family history (p > 0.001). Serum level of cortisol was directly correlated with dental caries (p < 0.05). In children, regardless of BMD value, a direct correlation was established between the radiation dose, age and obesity (p < 0.001).
Conclusions. Higher than normative BMD is accompanied by an increased frequency of bone fractures, jaw abnormalities, metabolic changes in bone tissue and bone tissue hormonal regulation in children, which requires application of pathogenetic therapy for the osteogenesis.
Key words: increased bone mineral density, children, diseases in family history, blood biochemical parameters, pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone, cortisol, ChNPP accident.

Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology.
2022;27:276-289. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2022-27-276-289

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