Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology

V. O. Sushko¹, L. I. Shvaiko¹, K. D. Bazyka¹, O. V. Apostolova², O. O. Kolosynska¹

¹ State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical
Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
² Municipal non-profit enterprise «Oleksandrivska Clinical Hospital of Kyiv», Shovkovychna Str., 39/1,
Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine

THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM DAMAGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE AND RADIONUCLIDES INHALATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CHORNOBYL CATASTROPHE (SUMMARIZING OF 35 YEARS RESEARCH EXPERIENCE)

The review is devoted to the summarizing of 35 years of research of ionizing radiation exposure and radionuclides inhalation influence on the bronchopulmonary system of clean-up workers of the Chornobyl NPP accident. Radiation and hygienic preconditions for the formation of chronic respiratory pathology are considered, taking into account the dosimetric data of irradiation of the bronchopulmonary system. The main clinical symptoms, features of disorders of pulmonary ventilation capacity and endoscopic forms of lesions of the bronchopulmonary system of participants in the liquidation of the accident were determined. On the basis of pathomorphological, microbiological and immunological researches the pathomorphosis of chronic nonspecific lung diseases in the conditions of the Chernobyl catastrophe is proved. It is proved that under combined influence of external irradiation and inhalation of a fragmentary mixture of radionuclides in the condition of the Chernobyl catastrophe, the bronchopulmonary system has become one of the main «targets»-tissues, of realization of stochastic and nonstochastic effects.
Key words: bronchopulmonary system, Chernobyl accident, influence of ionizing radiation, inhalation of radionuclides, pathomorphosis of diseases.

Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology.
2021;26:98-123. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-98-123

full text

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