Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology

S. F. Liubarets

Bogomolets National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 13 Tarasa Shevchenko Blvd., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine

DENTAL CARIES INTENSITY IN CHILDREN WITH DISTURBANCES IN TOOTH FORMATION, SURVIVED AFTER THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT

Objective: assessment of dental caries intensity in children with disturbances in tooth formation living in radiologically contaminated territories as a result of the Chornobyl NPP accident.
Materials and methods. Children aged 6-14 years old (n = 1470) suffering from disturbances in tooth formation (DTF) with the residents of radiologically contaminated territories (n = 528) among them were enrolled in the study. The DTF subtypes were assayed, namely the systemic enamel hypoplasia (SEH) and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Personal radiation history was recorded. Intensity of caries and caries of surfaces in the mixed (i.e. transitional) occlusion (df+DMF, dfs+DMFS coefficients) and permanent occlusion (DMF, DMFS coefficients) was identified.
Results. Caries intensity in the exposed children suffering DTF with mixed and permanent dental occlusion was significantly higher vs. either in children exposed to ionizing radiation with no DTF or in the control group (р < 0.001, р < 0.001 and р < 0.05, р < 0.001 correspondingly). The highest caries intensity of the permanent teeth was revealed in the residents of contaminated territories suffering SEH (6.95 ± 2.3) vs. cases of MIH (5.68 ± 1.97) as a result of nonsymmetrical teeth involvement.
Conclusions. The highest values of df+DMF, dfs+DMFS coefficients were diagnosed in children with a mixed dental occlusion aged 6-14 years old living on territories contaminated as a result of the ChNPP accident as compared to the not exposed subjects and control group (7.2 ± 2.07 and 8.98 ± 2.4, р < 0.001). A very high intensity of caries and surface caries of permanent teeth (DMF = 6.79 ± 2.34, DMFS = 8.69 ± 2.75, р < 0.001) was established in children exposed to ionizing radiation and suffering DTF. Such a high intensity may be due to the impact of a set of negative factors including the ionizing radiation in low doses and peculiarities of economic component of social status of study subjects, namely the unbalanced diet. In case of permanent occlusion the intensity of caries and caries of tooth of in children survived after the ChNPP accident and suffering SEH was significantly (р < 0.05) higher compared to the persons suffering MIH.
Key words: children, caries, disturbances in tooth formation, systemic enamel hypoplasia, molar-incisor hypomineralization, ionizing radiation, ChNPP accident.

Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology.
2021;26:426-436. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-426-436

full text

1. Luchinskiy MA, Gnateyko OZ, Kech NR. [Children's health as a marker of environmental well-being]. Klinichna stomatologiya. 2011;(1-2):69-75. Ukrainian. 2. Liubarets SF, Sarancha SM, Tomashivska LM. [Peculiarities of the dental hard tissue defects in children with various somatic and endocrine disorders, residing in different regions of Ukraine]. Visnyk Problem Biologii ta Mediciny. 2015;(2):359-366. Ukrainian. 3. Jalevik B. Prevalence and diagnosis of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010;11(2):59-64. 4. Liubarets SF, Antomonov MYu. [Criteria for predicting the occurrence of caries in children with hypoplasia of the permanent tooth enamel, taking into account anthropogenic environmental factors]. Dovkillya ta Zdorovya. 2018;(4):32-35. Ukrainian. 5. Oral health: Fact sheet № 318. April, 2012. http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs318/en/index.htm 6. Khomenko LA, Kiselnikova LP, Smoliar NI, Chaikovskii YuB, Vasilev AYu, Ostapko EI, et al. [Pediatric therapeutic dentistry]. Kyiv: Kniga Plus Publ.; 2013. 859 p. Ukrainian. 7. Bilous IV. [Risk factors and ways to prevent the systemic hypoplasia of tooth enamel in children] [thesis of dissertation]. Ivano-Frankivsk; 2004. 19 p. Ukrainian. 8. Labiy YuA. Ways to increase the resistance of tooth enamel in children with systemic enamel hypoplasia living in areas with various anthropogenic pollution [thesis of dissertation]. Ivano-Frankivsk; 2016. 15 p. Ukrainian. 9. Nespryadko VP, Khomenko LO, Bidenko NV, Ostapko OI, Shapovalova HI, Liubarets SF, et al. [State of the hard tissues of teeth and periodontium in children exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation]. Arhiv Klinichnoyi Meditsiny. 2004;(1):51-54. Ukrainian. 10. Barer GM. [The concept of pathogenesis of dental radiation damage]. Stomatologiya. 1991;(5):8-12. Russian. 11. Ostapko OI. [Scientific substantiation of the prevention ways and methods for principal dental diseases in children in regions with various level of environmental pollution] [thesis of dissertation]. Kyiv; 2011. 41 p. Ukrainian. 12. Kiselnikova LP, Ozhgihina NV. [Enamel hypoplasia in children]. St.-Petersburg St. Petersburg: Institute of Dentistry; 2001. 32 p. Russian. 13. Opydo-Szymaczek J, Gerreth K. Developmental enamel defects of the permanent first molars and incisors and their association with dental caries in the region of Wielkopolska, Western Poland. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2015;13(5):461-469. 14. Tadikonda AN, Acharya S, Pentapati KC. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and its relation with dental caries in school children of Udupi District, South India. World Journal of Dentistry. 2015;6(3):143-146. 15. Kosma I, Kevrekidou A, Boka V, Arapostathis K, Kotsanos N. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): correlation with dental caries and dental fear. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2016;17(2):123-129.