Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology

O. V. Shemetun, O. O. Talan , O. M. Demchenko, M. A. Pilinska

State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine

DEVELOPMENT OF RADIATION/INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECT IN THE SOMATIC CELLS OF PERSONS FROM DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

Objective. To investigate the development of chromosomal instability as a result of the radiation-induced bystander effect in blood lymphocytes of persons from different age groups.
Materials and methods. Materials of research were blood lymphocytes from 42 persons of different age (from 12 to 102 years), divided into four age groups – teenagers, middle-aged, elderly and centenarians. Bystander effect was studied by modeling its induction in human lymphocytes, at which 0.3 ml of non-irradiated blood (served as bystander cells) and 0.3 ml of blood from persons of another sex exposed in vitro to X-ray in a dose of 0.25 Gy were added to the incubation mixture, followed by cultivation according to generally accepted semi-micro-method. Slides of metaphase chromosomes were GTG-stained and analyzed under light microscopes with magnification x 1000.
Results. The average level of chromosomal aberrations in bystander cells of teenagers (6.08 ± 0.67 per 100 metaphases), middle-aged people (4.56 ± 0.61 per 100 metaphases) and elderly persons (6.34 ± 0.76 per 100 metaphases) significantly exceeded those of the corresponding age-related controls (p < 0.01) due to the aberrations of chromatid type. The level of chromosome aberrations in centenarians’ bystander cells (2.84 ± 0.51 per 100 metaphases) was not significantly different from the control (p > 0.05). The bystander effect was registered in 83% of teenagers, 90 % middle-aged persons and 50 % of the elderly persons.
Conclusions. In the non-irradiated blood lymphocytes of teenagers, middle-aged and elderly persons under condition of co-cultivation with cells X-irradiated in vitro in a dose of 0.25 Gy the bystander effect was induced. In the non-irradiated centenarians' blood lymphocytes the bystander effect was not revealed. Interindividual variability in the induction of bystander effect was registered. The development of bystander effect was independent on the level of chromosomal instability in control cultures.
Key words. Radiation-induced bystander effect, human blood lymphocytes, age, frequency of chromosome aberrations.

Problems of radiation medicine and radiobiology.
2018;23:499_509. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2018-23-499-509.

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