Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology

V. Berkovski¹,², G. Ratia¹,², Yu. Bonchuk¹,²

¹State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
²Radiation Protection Institute of the Academy of Technological Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine

INDIVIDUAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AFTER MAJOR RELEASES OF RADIONUCLIDES TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Nuclear installations may contain a large inventory of radioactive material and an emergency caused by an accident, natural disaster, or malevolent act may cause uncontrolled releases of radionuclides to the environment. The paper presents a brief overview of individual radiological monitoring in case of major releases of radionuclides to the environment and introduces the new Report 92 of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) on Radiation Monitoring for Protection of the Public after Major Releases of Radionuclides to the Environment. The Report was prepared taking into account the results of the research «Development of the program for radiation and hygienic monitoring for the radiological protection of human under radiation accidents and acts of nuclear terrorism» which was carried out in the internal dosimetry laboratory of the NRCRM of NAMS of Ukraine in 2016–2018. The Report Committee was headed by the scientific supervisor of the research, the Committee consisted of leading experts from UK, Italy, China, Germany, Russia, Slovenia, United States, Ukraine, Japan, and experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency. The preparation of the Report was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, US Department of Energy, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, and Radiation Protection Institute of the ATS of Ukraine.
Key words: radiological monitoring, nuclear or radiological emergencies, radiation exposure, monitoring programmes, individual monitoring.

Problems of radiation medicine and radiobiology.
2018;23:37_48. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2018-23-37-48.

full text

1. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. ICRU Report 92. Radiation monitoring for protection of the public after major releases of radionuclides to the environment. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements; 2018. (in press).

2. International Commission on Radiological Protection. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 103. Ann ICRP. Vol. 37(2-4). Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press; 2007. 332 p.

3. International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA Safety glossary: Terminology used in nuclear safety and radiation protection: 2007 Edition. Vienna: IAEA; 2007. 227 p.

4. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of atomic radiation. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. UNSCEAR 2008 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes. Volume II. Scientific Annexes C, D and E. New York: United Nations; 2011. 313 p.

5. International Atomic Energy Agency. Preparedness and response for a nuclear or radiological emergency: General safety requirements GSR Part 7. Vienna: IAEA; 2015. 102 p.

6. International Atomic Energy Agency. Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources: International basic safety standards, General safety requirements No. GSR Part 3. Vienna: IAEA; 2014. 436 p.

7. International Atomic Energy Agency. Environmental and source monitoring for purposes of radiation protection: Safety Guide RS G-1.8. Vienna: IAEA; 2005. 119 p.

8. International Atomic Energy Agency. Programmes and systems for source and environmental radiation monitoring: Safety reports. Series No. 64. Vienna: IAEA; 2010. 232 p.

9. International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 78. Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure of Workers. Ann ICRP. Vol. 27(3-4). Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1991. 161 p.

10. International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 130. Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1. Ann. ICRP. Vol. 44 (2). Oxford: Pergamon Press; 2015. 188 p.

11. International Organization for Standardization. Radiation protection – Monitoring of workers occupationally exposed to a risk of internal contamination with radioactive material. ISO 20553:2006. Geneva; 2006. 22 p.

12. International Organization for Standardization. Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold, detection limit and limits of the confidence interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation – Fundamentals and application. ISO 11929:2010. Geneva; 2010. 60 p.

13. Rojas-Palma C, Liland A, Jerstad AN, Etherington G, Perez MR, Rahola T, Smith K, editors. TMT handbook. Triage, Monitoring and Treatment of people exposed to ionising radiation following a malevolent act. Osteras: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, 2009. 556 p.

14. International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 111. Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to the Protection of People Living in Long-term Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear Accident or a Radiation Emergency. Ann ICRP. Vol. 39 (3). Oxford: Pergamon Press; 2009. 69 p.

15. US EPA Nationwide Environmental Radiation Monitoring. US EPA’s national radiation monitoring system for air, precipitation and drinking water. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/radnet.

16. Menetrier F, Berard Ph, Joussineau S, Stradling N, Hodgson A, List V, et al. TIARA: treatment initiatives after radiological accidents / Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2007;127(1-4):444-8.

17. Health Protection Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards. Use of prussian blue (ferric hexacyanoferrate) for decorporation of radiocesium, RCE-17. London; 2010. 86 p.

18. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Management of persons contaminated with radionuclides: handbook. Recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. NCRP report No. 161 I. Bethesda, MD; 2008. 286 p.

19. UNSCEAR. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. UNSCEAR 2013 Report. Vol. I. Report to the General Assembly. Scientific Annex A: Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident after the 2011 great east-Japan earthquake and tsunami. New York: United Nations; 2014. 311 p.