Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology

О. М. Ivanova¹, L. M. Kovgan², S. V. Masiuk¹

¹State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Melnykova str., 53, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
²Ukrainian Radiation Protection Institute of the Academy of Technological Sciences of Ukraine, Melnykov str., 53, PO Box 52, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine

METHODOLOGY OF RECONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUALIZED EXPOSURE DOSES FOR PERSONS RESIDING AT RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE

Objective. Development of methodology for reconstruction of individualized exposure doses for persons residing at radioactively contaminated after Chornobyl accident territories.
Materials and methods of research. The methodology is based on the data of radio-ecological (ground, meal) and dosimetric (WBC measurements) monitoring held in Ukraine in 1986–2013, the results of which are saved in data bases of Central Ecological and Dosimetric Register of Radiological Protection Laboratory of NRCRM. It is presented four levels of individualization of exposure doses. Each subsequent level of the model is based on the previous one and takes into account additional parameters, and as a result a model of the next level comprises more number of exposure situations and provides more accurate estimates. Using the methodology it is necessary to select a model of such level that enables to solve in the best way the assignments posed before a researcher. For the population of radioactively contaminated territories, two main ways of exposure are considered: (a) external gamma-exposure from radionuclides in the ground, and (b) internal exposure from consumption of radioactively contaminated meal. The dose is evaluated from all the main radionuclides of radioactive accident deposition, and in case of internal exposure after 1986 – only from radio-isotopes of cesium (¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs).
Results. Individualized doses are evaluated for different age groups of population residing in 10 raions of the most contaminated after Chornobyl accident Oblasts of Ukraine: Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne and Chernihiv Oblasts. Dose estimates are presented weighted by the number of residents in settlements of specific raions. Among them are: the dose for 1986, doses accumulated during the first 15 years after the accident (1986–2000), and during the period of 32 years after the accident (1986–2017).
Conclusions. Average raion dose reconstructed for adult residents of the most radioactively contaminated Narodychy Raion of Zhytomyr Oblast in 1986 was 18 mSv, and accumulated during the whole period after the accident was 51 mSv. The lowest doses among abovementioned 10 raions were obtained by persons residing at the territory of Kozelets and Ripky Raions of Chernihiv Oblast. Average dose for them in 1986 constituted 1.3 and 1.7 mSv, and the one accumulated during 32 years was 6.1 and 6.2, respectively.
Key words: ecological and dosimetric model, individualized exposure doses, reconstruction of exposure doses, dose of external exposure, dose of internal exposure, Chornobyl accident.

Problems of radiation medicine and radiobiology.
2018;23:164–187. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2018-23-164-187.

full text

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