Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology

N. S. Dombrovska, O.Ya. Pleskach

State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine

Serum content of total adipionectin in the ChNPP accident clean/up
workers of the «iodine period» suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus
(literature review and research data)

Objective: assay of the total adiponectin level in the ChNPP accident clean-up workers (ACUW) of the «iodine period» exposed to ionizing radiation in a young age and suffering now from type 2 diabetes mellitus
Materials and methods. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident clean-up workers (ACUW) of the iodine period (n=111) exposed to ionizing radiation at a young age (18–35 years) were examined in two groups: Group I (main study group, n=66) of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and Group II (comparison group, n=45) of persons with normal glucose challenge test results. Total radiation doses varied in the range of 10.0–860.0 mSv. Group III (nosological control group, n=20) included persons suffering type 2 DM but not exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) and Group IV were apparently healthy. All study groups were representative by the age. Anthropometric data and parameters of glycemic control were assayed. Index of the homeostatic model for assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Level of total adiponectin was assayed by the immune enzyme method. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using Missrosoft® Exxel 2002 software.
Results and conclusions. Serum concentration of total adiponectin in the Chornobyl NPP ACUW of the iodine period and suffering type 2 DM despite having normal body weight or overweight or any degree of obesity was significantly lower compared to apparently healthy persons ACUW with and normal glycemic control. Moderate negative correlation was found between the level of total adiponectin and degree of obesity in the ACUW suffering type 2 DM (t = -0.367, p <0.05). With an increase in the duration of the disease there was a decrease in serum concentration of total adiponectin in the Chornobyl NPP ACUW of iodine period suffering type 2 DM and in the group of nosological control. The most favorable type of glycemic profile was peculiar for patients in the main group with higher levels of total serum adiponectin and the lowest body mass index (up to 25 kg/m2). An increase in the body mass index was accompanied by an adverse combination of abnormalities in glycemic metabolism (increased glucose concentration, IRI, and HbA1c), insulin resistance (a significant increase in HOMA) against the background of a decrease in concentration of total adiponectin. No significant differences were found in adiponectin levels in dose subgroups. At the same time, the reliable differences between the main group and comparison group were found in the 2–5th dose subgroups, which are due to differences in numbers of people with metabolic syndrome (obesity) in the groups.
Key words: diabetes mellitus type 2, general adiponectin, ChNPP.

Problems of radiation medicine and radiobiology. 2017;22:353–371.