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V. O. Sushko, O. O. Kolosynska, Zh. M. Berestjana, K. D. Bazyka
State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical
Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
MEDICAL EXPERTISE FOR ESTABLISH CAUSATION OF DISEASE, LEADING TO LOSS OF HEALTH, DISABILITY AND DEATH WITH THE ACTION OF IONIZING RADIATION AND OTHER HARMFUL FACTORS OF THE CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT IN THE REMOTE POST-ACCIDENTAL PERIOD (2013–2022)
Loss of health and workability, as well as deaths due to harmful influence of the Chornobyl Catastrophe (including
radiation exposure) during performance of professional, military or official duties and / or living on radiation-contaminated areas, additional exposure not through their own fault but due to a radiation accident, caused the development of a special form of medical expertise as part of the of medical social protection system for these suffered
contingents.
Objective. To study and characterize the structure of the affected categories (clean-up workers and victims) of the
Chernobyl Catastrophe based on the materials of expert cases of the Central Interdepartmental Expert Commission
(CMEC) in the remote post-accidental period (2013–2022).
Material and methods. The work was performed in the design of a retrospective study that based on studying of
50,974 expert cases, which were considered by CIEC during 2013–2022 to establish a causal relationship between
the disease and influence of radiation exposure and other harmful factors and conditions during ChNPP accident
using a systematic analytical approach to assessing the medical and nonmedical parameters presented in medical
expert documentation.
Results. The total number of affected adult citizens as on 01.01.2022, compared to 2008, decreased by 477,953 persons, or by 26.05 % (from 1,834,536 to 1,354,746 persons). The number of clean-up workers of the accident
decreased from 276,327 (2013) to 171,725 (2022), or by 104,602 people (37.85 %), that means – during the last 10
years, almost every third clean-up worker who participated in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident
at the Chernobyl NPP died. The number of adult victims decreased from 1,558,209 in 2008 to 1,183,021 in 2022, or
by 24.08 % (375,188 persons). The average annual reduction in the absolute number of clean-up workers of ChNPP
accident during 2013–2022 is about 7,770 people per year (9,424 during 2021), adult victims – 27,045 people per
year (28,922 during 2021). In the structure of medical expert cases during 2013–2022 the leading place as the reason of disease, disability and death is occupied by oncological diseases – 52.72 %, cerebrovascular diseases and
their complications make up 17.08 %, diseases of the cardiovascular system – 19.6 %.
Conclusion. In the remote post-accidental period (2013–2022) has increased the need of expertise of the causal
relationship of disability and the causes of death with the influence of the Chornobyl NPP accident consequences
for medical and social support. During 2013–2022 period quick reducing for all categories of affected due to the
Chornobyl NPP accident taken place. In the structure of medical expert cases during 2013–2022 the leading place
as the reason of disease, disability and death is occupied by oncological diseases.
Key words: ionizing radiation, clean-up workers of Chornobyl NPP accident, medical expertise, Chornobyl catastrophe.
Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology.
2022;27:402-411. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2022-27-402-411
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